Ao terminar uma instalação do sistema Debian, será necessário criar uma lista de repositórios conténdo apenas informações essenciais. Cabe ao administrador preenchê-la a fim de que possa, usando uma conexão com a internet, instalar programas via apt-get e/ou aptitude.
A lista está dentro de um arquivo que só pode ser modificado pelo usuário root, portanto, como root, abra a lista e insira os repositórios necessários.
vim /etc/apt/source.list
# Repositórios de segurança
deb http://security.debian.org/ lenny/updates main contrib non-free
deb-src http://security.debian.org/ lenny/updates main contrib non-free
# Repositórios voláteis
deb http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile lenny/volatile main contrib
deb-src http://volatile.debian.org/debian-volatile lenny/volatile main contrib
# ftp Debian Brasil
deb http://ftp.br.debian.org/debian/ lenny main contrib non-free
deb-src http://ftp.br.debian.org/debian/ lenny main contrib non-free
# Repositórios alternativos
#deb http://http.us.debian.org/debian/ lenny main contrib non-free
#deb ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/debian/ lenny main contrib non-free
#deb http://download.unesp.br/linux/debian/ lenny main contrib non-free
# Repositório Multimidia
# Use estas linhas de comanda para obtenção das chaves
# gpg –keyserver subkeys.pgp.net –recv-keys 07DC563D1F41B907
# gpg –export –armor 07DC563D1F41B907 | apt-key add –
# Ou use essa linha de comando para obtenção das chaves:
# wget http://debian-multimedia.org/gpgkey.pub -O – | apt-key add – && apt-get install debian-multimedia-keyring
deb http://www.debian-multimedia.org lenny main
# backports – Repositórios usados principalmente para obter aplicativos/demons de serviços de rede.
# gpg –keyserver subkeys.pgp.net –recv-keys EA8E8B2116BA136C
# gpg –export –armor EA8E8B2116BA136C | apt-key add –
deb http://www.backports.org/debian lenny-backports main contrib non-free
Depois de preencher o arquivo /etc/apt/source.list com os repositórios, execute o comando que atualizará a lista de softwares catalogados para download:
# apt-get update
# apt-get upgrade
E também não se esqueça de instalar as chaves dos endereços.
apt-get install debian-multimedia-keyring debian-backports-keyring
OBS: É importante lembrar que também é possivel instalar, usando apt-get e/ou aptitude, softwares de mídias oficiais (Cds e DVDs), sem a necessidade de conexão com a Internet.
Colocando um CDROM na sources.list
Se você preferir usar um CDROM para instalar seus pacotes ou atualizar seu sistema automaticamente com o APT, você pode colocá-lo na sua sources.list. Para fazer isso, rode o apt-cdrom assim:
# apt-cdrom add
com o CDROM do Debian no drive. Ele irá montar o CDROM, caso seja o certo e irá buscar as informações de pacote dele. Caso sua configuração de CDROM esteja um pouco confusa, você pode usar as seguintes opções:
-h – ajuda do programa
-d diretório – ponto de montagem do CDROM
-r – renomear um CDROM reconhecido
-m – não montar
-f – modo rápido (não atualiza lista de pacotes)
-a – scan minucioso
Exemplo:
# apt-cdrom -d /media/cdrom add
Você ainda pode identificar o CDROM apenas, mas sem adicioná-lo:
# apt-cdrom ident
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